Holocaust | Ghettos | Letter | Trains | Map | Photograph | Links
Research Notes on The Hungarian Holocaust
14th July, 2008
This presentation of the terrible events in Hungary and Auschwitz from about the 1st May, 1944 to the 25th July 1944 is based primarily on two lists of trains about the unfortunate Jews who lived in the provinces of Hungary proper and who lived in the added provinces which the Germans had ceded to the Hungarian government because Hungary fought as allies of Nazi Germany during World War II.
These added provinces were in Serbia to the south of Hungary, Transylvania (Romania) to the east Sub Carpahtia (Ukraina) and Slovakia to the north. Hungary had claimed these added provinces in order to establish again what Hungarians refer to as: "Greater Hungary".
I have made a tabulation of the data from these two lists;
In the transports from Backa Topola and from Budapest (Kistarcsa) before the Eichmann Action started on 14th May 1944.there were 3,800 Hungarian Jews sent to Auschwitz, of those 2,698 were killed.
Then, and in addition 22,244 Hungarian Jews were killed of those who came to Auxchwitz in the 9 additional Glaser trains,
All reference to these will also be marked in red color in the following text.
This makes the following sum; Arrived People
Auschwitz Killed
Jews sent from Budapest and Backo Topola, arrived Auschwitz 2nd May, 1944 3,800 2,698
Jews sent from about 55 Ghetos established by the Hungarian Government 402,117 298,739
9 more trains as per Glaser List (these are in the tabulation 3160 people per train) 28,440 22,244
Totals 1st May 1944 up to 25th July 1944, twelve weeks. 434,357 323,681
The data from both the Gako and the Glaser Lists have been put in columns next to each other in their consecutive date order in the following large tabulation of all the trains. Dates of arrival in Auschwitz obviously follow dates when the trains passed through Kosice. This means that eventually this obvious overlap cannot follow, thus Glaser trains have to be added in the tabulation in order to preserve this logic. The trains added in this way are listed train Nos. a to i and are listed in the red color
The Gako list reports details on 137 trains, when we include the two trains reported on 2nd May in the Auschwitz Chronicle1) and in Jalkut Moreshet2) this makes 139 trains. These brought to the killing ground at Auschwitz 402,117 people according to the information on the 139 trains. Leo Glaser did not record the number arriving, that was not his business at the arrival ramp. His duty was to provide prison clothing for those who passed the selection and were admitted to the camp. We have however the reports from Ferenczy and from Vesenmayer in Table 19.1, see The Politics of Genocide by Randolph L. Braham3) that the total deportation figures are 434,351 and 437,402 for the respective sources. The above figures have been arranged to agree closely to Ferenczys figure of 434,351.
The estimate for those killed in the same period based on these figures for the 139 trains plus the 9 trains listed as arriving by the Glaser list is 323,681. The average for each of the 9 trains, 3,160 people has been arrived at by equating the people arriving to the Ferenczy figure The report from Glasers list that 148 trains arrived from Hungary between the dates 2nd May to 25th July 1944 is backed up by the above mentioned Table 19.1 for this also reports that there were 55 ghettos and 147 trains. The discrepancy in the number of trains may be that Leo Glaser does not differentiate between Hungarian and Slovak Jews. Indeed under German rule there was a southern part of Slovakia which was considered Hungarian and then there was a northern part which was then an independent Slovak state. There is another possibility for this discrepancy and that is reported in The Politics of Genocide by Randolph L. Braham3) on p. 608, Vol.2 as Extraordinary Deportations. Here 21,700 Jews are said to have been deported by Hungarian and German military authorities and probably do not figure in Ferenczy's reports. Trains from Baja which left May 25 -27 are mentioned to have stopped at Gaensendorf to unload 45 dead. This is most probably a typo mistake the name of this station should be Gaenserndorf in Austria quite near the Slovakian border and the city of Bratislava. This is one station north of the Strasshof camp where 30,000 Jews were to be housed on ice, Eichmans words. The train route from here enters Moravia and north to Krakow via Auschwitz. It is quite probable that Baia and Szekesfehervar (SW of Budapest) are two additional ghettos in the list of 55. Trains from these two ghettos never went through Kosice which is in the east of Slovakia.
323,681 / 434,357 = 75%
Leo Glasers letter to the Military Governor at Linz dated 5th August, 1945 estimated that only 20% of arrivals were admitted to the camp, see his letter and English translation in the Appendix to this Research Note. The estimate in the train analysis tabulation does show that based on both the Gako and Glaser lists 25% of the people were admitted to the camps.
Himmler had the SS divided into two groups of officials the RSHA (Reichssicherheitszentralstelle) and the WVHA (Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt). These two bodies had in 1944 two opposing policies. The RSHA wanted to relocate and kill as many Jews as possible'. The WVHA needed slave labour to clear the rubble of allied bombing and to work in the essential industries for the German war effort. Eichmann was a member of the RSHA. In the midst of the Hungarian action the WVHA wrote to Eichmann about the many requests for labour in nearby Austria and there was a general pressure from many bodies to stop this very rapid rate of killing. Not least were the reactions in the west to the reports of Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish envoy then in Budapest. With these influences in the background Eichmann offered a deal to Kaestner to put 30,000 Jews on ice (Eichmanns phrase). In order to make the deal The Jewish community of Budapest had to advance an exorbitant fee in cash. This sort of demand for a ransom was used by the nobility in times past to extricate Jews from jail on trumped up charges of blood libel and the like. The deal was made and transports of Jews probably left Hungary for Strasshof in Austria after 16th June and possibly also after 25th June. If these people were in similar transports then this would account for 10 trains each about 3,000 people for each train. Subsequent reports say that the occupancy of Strasshof was only 20,787 people, see The Politics of Genocide by Randolph L. Braham3) p.652. We do not know how many Jews were further relocated to other places of slave labour work.
Jewish people sent to Strasshof Austria for slave labor | 20,787 |
Total of Jewish people expelled from territories of Hungary | 455,144 |
As far as the tabulation is concerned nine trains have been added in red color. Each probably had about 3,160 people. This has been done in order to match the ends of all the Glaser List with that of the Gako List entries on the 25th July, 1944, the end of the Eichman Action.
We do not know the origin in Hungary of the Jews sent in these added nine trains recorded in the Glaser list. It is probable that these trains went by way of Austria as if they were going to Strasshof but were then diverted past Vienna, through Moravia and Bohumin to Poland and Auschwitz. What we do know is that they arrived as per the Glaser List and some people from them were selected to live. The Glaser list was made in Auschwitz where on the rail ramp the place of origin of the start of the train was not recorded.
What we do know is that they arrived as per the Glaser List and people from them were selected to live as if they were trains that we knew the origin of. The arrival in Auschwitz count of Hungarian Trains marked on the Glaser List ung.Juden. Two trains are listed in addition right at the begin of the tabulation. These are recorded as arriving see Auschwitz Chronicle1) 2nd May, 1944 page 618 by Danuta Czech. (Eng. Translation, Publ. By I.B. Tauris, London 1990). Also see Jalkut Moreshet, May 1985, Article by Sari Reuveni. Three first trains (Danuta Czech says 3) of the Eichmann Action are also listed in the Auschwitz Chronicle1) see p.627 as arriving at the Auschwitz railway ramp on 16th May 1944. These were the trains from Nyiregyhaza, Mukačevo and Koice as per the enclosed analysis of trains.
For reasons which are not really explained the Auschwitz Chronicle 1) becomes very sparse in data on the Hungarian Action. Even the number of them is not given in reports subsequent to the 16th May report which says 3. Thus the paragraph for 17th May and subsequent reports up to 25th July, 1944 merely record that out of RSHA transports from Hiungary some twins are selected. It is not possible to link these paragraphs to either the Glaser List or the Gako List. These paragraphs continue to be written in this fashion uselessly only concentrating on the twins which are among those selected to live. This book was written in communist times and reflects neglect of the real issues and data which are in themselves very dramatic.
2 of the 9 trains added due to the Glaser List are almost certainly those from Baia which stopped at Gänserndorf, Austria. These did not go through Koice see The Politics of Genocide 3). Thus Barcs and Szekesfehervár were probably similar ghettos. The geographic location of each ghetto is most important and thus a map of all the ghettos was drawn, see Appendix 3.
Ghettos of the Hungarian Action
(listed from the west)
1. Sopron | 29. Szeged |
2. Szombathely | 30. Szolnok |
3. Sárvár | 31. Diosgyör |
4. Nagykanizsa | 32. Miskolc |
5. Pápa | 33. Békescsaba |
6. Dunajska Streda (Dunaszerdahe) | 34. Koice (Kassa) |
7. Barcs | 35. Sátoraljaujhely |
8. Györ | 37. Nyiregyháza |
9. Kaposvár | 38. Oradea (Nagyvárod) |
10. Nove Zamky (Érsekújvár) | 39. Kisvárda |
11. Komárno (Komárom) | 40. Uhorod (Ungwar) |
12. Pécs | 41. Mátészalka |
13. Szekesfehervár | 42. Mukačevo (Munkács) |
14. Levice (Léva) | 43. Berehovo (Beregszász) |
15. Paks | 44. Simleu Silvaniei (Szilágysomló) |
16. Baja | 45. Satu Mare (Szatmámémeti) |
17. Óbuda | 46. Vynohradiv (Nagyszöllös) |
18. Budakalasz | 47. Chust (Huszt) |
19. Békesmegyer | 48. Tačev (Técsö)) |
20. Szásrégen | 49. Baja Mare (Nagybánya) |
21. Balassagyarmat | 50. Cluj Napoca (Kolozsvár) |
22. Kistarcsa | 51. Okormezo (Ökörmezö) |
23. Rákoscaba | 52. Solotvina (Aknaszlatina) |
24. Bacsalmás | 53. Sighetu Marmatiei (Mármarossziget) |
25. Monor | 54. Dej (Dés) |
26. Bačka Topola | 55. Viseu de Sus (Felsövisó) |
27. Keckscemét | 56. Bistrita (Beszterce) |
28. Salgotarján | 57. Tirgu Mures (Márosvásárhely) |
Those marked in red color account for the origin of 4 (2 for Baia) out of the 9 added trains due to the Glaser List. The other 5 trains were probably trains diverted from Debrecen, Szeged and Szolnok, these could be classed as Strasshof diversions. The only way to confirm these is by examining local archives of these three towns. There is a statement on Extraordinary Deportations, see The Politics of Genocide by Randolph L. Braham, p. 608 3). Some 21,700 Jews were deported from the provinces bordering Jugoslavia, These may have accounted for about 7 trains. It is tempting to assume that the 9 extra Glaser train originated 2 from Baia and 7 from the Jugoslav border region.
Prof. Randolph L. Braham lists the clue to this in his book, the Politics of Genocide, Vol. II page 643/644. Here is described the journey from Baja late in May 1944, a town on the Danube in the south of Hungary. The book says how the train was waiting fully laden in the heat of summer and then went through Gänsendorf another two days where on opening the doors it was found that there were already 45 corpses of people who died on the train.
The problem is that Gänsendorf does not exist, not in Hungary, not in Slovakia and not in Austria. A search of rail routes from Hungary into Austria reveals the town of Bruck an der Leitha as a rail junction and the next station further north is Gänserndorf with an r inserted, this appears to be just a typo mistake in the printing of the Politics of Genocide.
But it is sure that Gänserndorf is the correct place name, because this is just one station north of Strasshof an der Nordbahn which is the correct site of the camp of the intended 30,000 Hungarian slaves which the Germans needed for manual labour. The map as redrawn including rail routes shows Gänserndorf and Strasshof an der Nordbahn. These are much further north near the Moravian border to the northeast of Vienna. And without doubt the alternative southern rail route to Auschwitz.
It is a major lacuna in the book by Prof. Randolph L. Braham, The Politics of Genocide that he has totally failed to follow up what was done at the fictitious Gänsendorf (without an r) to establish what happened to 45 dead bodies nor to provide any evidence against Obersturmbannführer Hermann A. Krumey who was appointed to be the Befehlshaber in Vienna. How was it that Strasshof received only 20,787 people instead of the 30,000 for which a substantial ransom was paid. Where did the 9,213 people go? The good professor has completely failed to follow these points up, nor did these points come up at any of the unsuccessful Krumey trials in Austria. There are other lacuna in the book Politics of Genocide such as discrepancies for ghettos where insufficient people were shipped to the extermination site Auschwitz. These discrepancies are a subject of its own studies, need to be done on Pinkasei Kehila. The major problem here is that Pinkasei Kehila were not written for Subcarpathian Ukraina, previously Czechoslovakia and for Transylvania now Romania. The fates of 90,000 people who were in the Gako and Glaser trains cannot be properly followed up because the data has not been researched nor written up for these ceded Hungarian regions.
The trains listed by Gako arrived every day except for two periods one of these is 16th to 25th June when the Strasshof trains started and the other period of interruption in the rate of trains arriving is from 11th to 22nd of July when the Hungarian action was almost over. About the former stoppage a note on p. 652 of the Auschwitz Chronicle 1) explains that this was to accelerate the action thus;
Hoess was probably in Budapest 16th to 26th June during a several day interruption in the preparation of the transport trains.
In this June stoppage several things were probably taking place at the same time. To name but two:
Voices were raised
objecting to the shipment of so many Jews in so many trains to Auschwitz and the
ransom deal, Eichmann and Koestner, was finalized on or about the 25th
June. One Debrecen train, plus several others were diverted to go to the
Arbeitslager Strasshof in Austria. Some of these trains were possibly diverted
to Auschwitz in order to maximise the number of Jews to be killed. Strasshof
should have had 30,000 Hungarian Jews, but in the event only 20,787 got into
this camp. This may have been done by the man appointed by Eichmann to be in
charge of Hungarian Jews in Austria, Obersturmbannführer Hermann A. Krumey who
was appointed to be the Befehlshaber in Vienna. This shortfall of 9,213 people
may have accounted for a further 3 of the trains marked red in the analysis.
The Gako trains all went via Kosice and
crossed into Poland at Medzilaborce, then through Tarnów, and Kraków to
Auschwitz.
There
was also an alternative and shorter route from
A map has been made of all the departure points known from the Gako List and from the reference works listed below. The internment centers were more or less jails at Backa Topola (now in Serbia south of Subotica), Nagykanizsa, Sarvar, Kistarcsa (in Budapest near the train departure point Rakoscaba) and probably also Baia, played an important part in the continuing rate of dispatch of trains from Hungary during these terrible 12 weeks. Eichmann true to his masters in the RSHA (Reichssicherheitszentralstelle) in Berlin wanted to kill as many Jews as possible. Main train routes are indicated on the map as this was the primary means of the Genocide Action.
This more accurate estimate could be arrived at through the finding of the Glaser list which he sent to the American Military Authority in Linz on 5th August 1945 see Appendix 2. This is part of a collection of papers which were donated to Yad Vashem in about 1970 by an American freelance correspondent called I.F. Stone when he started his retirement.
The matter was flagged up to me by Gabor Hirsch, now of Esslingen, Switzerland. Gabor raised with me several matters about his imprisonment in Auschwitz.
I left Glaser in Auschwitz on Christmas Eve 1944 in the first evacuation march to Loeslau (Wodzislaw Slaski). For the period 9th July to 24th Dec 1944 I was a runner (Laeufer) of the Capo Kleiderkammer, none other than Leo Glaser. Thereafter I had a very difficult four months being transported to Gross Rosen, Buchenwald, Mauthausen and by a forced march further to Gunskirchen. This was a very crowded forest camp without fences at which we were left to starve as we were basically not given any food, there was very little water, one tap served the whole camp of several thousand people. The camp was infested with lice and vermin.
On 4th May 1945 I was crawling on my belly at night trying to escape from this hellhole where we were left to slowly die. A guard stopped me and by coincidence it was Leo Glaser, now in SS uniform and carrying a rifle. Although it was night there was enough moonlight for us both to recognise one another. The erstwhile Capo of the Kleiderkammer had an atrophied right arm to make him easily recognisable. As he challenged me he asked what I was doing crawling through the forest. And I told him I was trying to escape. We could hear the artillery of the Americans by this time. He said that the countryside is full of armed men and that I should return to the camp for I would soon be freed. I however I asked him to give me some food. He said he was on guard duty and had nothing on him. He said to come again to this place tomorrow and he will bring me some food. I reluctantly took his advice and starved for another 24 hours. Next night I crawled out to the same place but he was not there. I saw a hut at the back of a clearing and went there. This hut was obviously where the guards were quartered. The hut appeared to have been abandoned in a hurry. There was no food there. I went back to the camp and the first person I met was Honza Polak whom I knew from Theresienstadt. Honza now lives in Frankfurt and we are still in touch. I told him that the guards are gone and we are free to leave the camp and so we walked out into the night free on the evening of 5th May 1945.
Notes:
1) Auschwitz Chronicle 2nd May, 1944 page 618 by Danuta Czech. Eng. Translation, Publ. by I.B. Tauris, London 1990
2) Jalkut Moreshet, May 1985, Article by Sari Reuveni
3) The Politics of Genocide by Randolph L. Braham, publ. by Columbia University Press
4) Leo Glaser letter & list to the Military Governor at Linz dated 5th August, 1945
Appendix :
1. Gako List (obtainable on the internet, but also reprinted in The Politics of Genocide)
2. Glaser Letter (and English translation) dated 5th Aug., 1945 with six page List. (Appendix II)
3. Map of Hungary, incl. Slovakia, Subcarpathian territory (now Ukraine), Transylvania (now
Romania) and Serbia marked to show all train departures. Appendix III
4. Aerial Photograph of Auschwitz Taken by the Royal Air Force during WWII Appendix IV
The Original Glaser Letter with List 5th August 1945
(Source "Yad Vashem" Archives)
Train Analysis of the Hungarian Genocide Action
Michael Honey 27.01.08
בשביל מידע הזאת צריך להניח ש 10% יותר נשים נבחרו לחיים מגברים (ברשימות של גלאסר הוא כותב על גברים אבל הוא אומר שיותר נשים נבחרו מגברים) המספר של אנשים שנהרגו בא מהוראת גברים ונשים שנבחרו לחיים, ילדים נהרגו.
For the purpose of this analysis it is assumed that 10% more women were selected than men (Glaser lists only men selected, but he says more women were selected than men) The number of people killed is arrived at by subtracting the numbers of men and women selected for life, children were killed.
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Hungarian Genocide Action 1944 |
Gako List |
Glaser List |
This Analysis |
|||||||
Testimonies by Name |
From Home |
Resided at or transport from |
Date Arr. Koice |
Train No. |
People Arriving |
Date Arr. Birkenau |
Men selected |
Women selected |
People Killed |
|
* Not on Gako and Glaser Lists |
|
Kistarcsa, Budapest |
29th Apr. |
*? |
1800, men |
2nd May |
486 |
|
2698 |
|
Backa Topola |
30th Apr. |
2000 |
2nd May |
|
616 |
|||||
Miriam Berko b.4.2.1929 |
Aft. Pesach May |
Vencesello to Nyiregyhaza |
14th May |
1 |
3200 |
16th May |
221 |
243 |
2736 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
14th May |
2 |
3169 |
16th May |
173 |
190 |
2806 |
|
|
|
Koice |
16th May |
3 |
3055 |
17th May |
247 |
272 |
2536 |
|
Leah Kahan Gruenwald b.1922 |
|
Sucha Bronika to Beregszasz |
16th May |
4 |
3818 |
18th May |
309 |
340 |
3169 |
|
Shlomo Donat b.1919 |
|
Beregszasz |
||||||||
|
|
Sighetul Marmatiei |
16th May |
5 |
3007 |
18th May |
441 |
481 |
2085 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
16th May |
6 |
3629 |
18th May |
484 |
532 |
2613 |
|
|
|
Koice |
16th May |
7 |
3629 |
18th May |
33 |
36 |
3560 |
|
|
|
Koice |
17th May |
8 |
3352 |
19th May |
581 |
639 |
2132 |
|
Hermann Berkovits b.2.2.1914 |
|
Herincsen From Uhorod |
17th May |
9 |
3455 |
19th May |
468 |
515 |
2472 |
|
|
|
Ökörmezö |
17th May |
10 |
3052 |
19th May |
507 |
558 |
1987 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
17th May |
11 |
3306 |
20th May |
503 |
553 |
2250 |
|
|
|
Sighetul Marmatiei |
18th May |
12 |
3248 |
20th May |
547 |
602 |
2099 |
|
Zeev Katz B 10.7.1928 |
16th April D. aft. Pesach |
Balazser to Beregszasz |
18th May |
13 |
3569 |
20th May |
992 |
1091 |
1486 |
|
|
|
Satoruljaujhely |
18th May |
14 |
3439 |
21st May |
412 |
453 |
2574 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
18th May |
15 |
3025 |
21st May |
127 |
140 |
2758 |
|
|
|
Viseu de Sus |
19th May |
16 |
3032 |
21st May |
556 |
612 |
1864 |
|
Dvora Fiksler Weingarten |
|
Noua Sulita To Mateszalka |
19th May |
17 |
3299 |
21st May |
362 |
398 |
2539 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
19th May |
18 |
3000 |
21st May |
395 |
435 |
2170 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
19th May |
19 |
3222 |
22nd May |
487 |
536 |
2199 |
|
|
|
Sighetul Marmatiei |
20th May |
20 |
3104 |
22nd May |
368 |
405 |
2331 |
|
|
|
Vinogradov |
20th May |
21 |
3458 |
22nd May |
471 |
518 |
2469 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
20th May |
22 |
3028 |
22nd May |
575 |
633 |
1820 |
|
|
|
Viseu de Sus |
21st May |
23 |
3013 |
23rd May |
205 |
226 |
2582 |
|
|
|
Nyiregyháza |
21st May |
24 |
3274 |
23rd May |
196 |
216 |
2862 |
|
|
|
Satoruljaujhely |
21st May |
25 |
3290 |
23rd May |
345 |
380 |
2565 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
21st May |
26 |
2861 |
23rd May |
575 |
633 |
1653 |
|
|
|
Sighetul Marmatiei |
22nd May |
27 |
3490 |
24th May |
499 |
549 |
2442 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
22nd May |
29 |
3300 |
24th May |
630 |
693 |
1977 |
|
|
|
Mateszalka |
22nd May |
30 |
3299 |
24th May |
494 |
553 |
2252 |
|
|
|
Viseu de Sus |
23rd May |
31 |
3023 |
24th May |
470 |
517 |
2036 |
|
Chaim Taub b. 17/10/1929 |
|
Nyiregyháza |
23rd May |
32 |
3272 |
25th May |
224 |
246 |
2802 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
23rd May |
33 |
3269 |
25th May |
515 |
567 |
2187 |
|
|
|
0radea (Nagyvárad) |
23rd May |
34 |
3110 |
25th May |
528 |
581 |
2001 |
|
|
|
Beregovo (Beregszász) |
24th May |
35 |
2602 |
25th May |
529 |
582 |
1491 |
|
Chava Mokovitz née Gubner b. 28.11.1929 |
15th Apr. Sat. aft. P |
Uhorod Left 21st May |
22nd May |
28 |
3335 |
26th May 25th May |
510 |
561 |
2264 |
|
Transport was held up in Krakow and arrived first thing in the morning, there were two ghettos, a brick factory an a timber yard |
||||||||||
|
|
Koice |
24th May |
36 |
3172 |
26th May |
551 |
606 |
2015 |
|
|
|
Hust |
24th May |
37 |
3328 |
26th May |
485 |
534 |
2309 |
|
|
|
Mukačevo |
24th May |
38 |
3080 |
26th May |
674 |
741 |
1665 |
|
|
|
Possibly Barcs |
24th May |
a |
3160 |
26th May |
509 |
660 |
1991 |
|
Bela Gruenberger b.15.3.1925 |
|
Klodzsano From Uhorod |
25th May |
39 |
3334 |
26th May |
500 |
550 |
2284 |
|
|
|
0radea (Nagyvárad) |
25th May |
40 |
3148 |
27th May |
528 |
581 |
2039 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
25th May |
41 |
3130 |
27th May |
606 |
667 |
1857 |
|
|
|
Akna-Szlatina |
25th May |
42 |
3317 |
27th May |
520 |
572 |
2225 |
|
|
|
Viseu de Sus |
25th May |
43 |
3006 |
27th May |
635 |
699 |
1672 |
|
|
|
Hust |
26th May |
44 |
3249 |
27th May |
441 |
485 |
2323 |
|
|
|
Possibly Baja Via Gänserndorf, Aust. |
26th May |
b |
3160 |
28th May |
479 |
527 |
2154 |
|
|
|
Poss. Baja as above |
26th May |
c |
3160 |
28th May |
625 |
688 |
1847 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
26th May |
45 |
3336 |
28th May |
455 |
501 |
2380 |
|
Olga Jitzchaki b.1920 |
Shavuot 26th May |
Budszeentmihaly to Satoruljaujhely |
27th May |
46 |
3325 |
28th May |
477 |
525 |
2323 |
|
|
|
Vinogradov |
27th May |
47 |
3415 |
28th May |
499 |
549 |
2367 |
|
David Leitner b.28.4.1930 |
|
Nyiregyháza |
27th May |
48 |
2708 |
28th May |
282 |
310 |
2416 |
|
Sonia Perel b.5.1.1930 |
|
Uhorod |
27th May |
49 |
2988 |
28th May |
211 |
232 |
2545 |
|
|
|
Tirgu Mures |
27th May |
50 |
3183 |
28th May |
304 |
334 |
2545 |
|
|
|
Tačev |
28th May |
51 |
2208 |
28th May |
155 |
171 |
1882 |
|
|
|
Dej |
28th May |
52 |
3150 |
28th May |
506 |
557 |
2087 |
|
|
|
0radea |
28th May |
53 |
3227 |
30th May |
457 |
503 |
2267 |
|
Aliza Mor b.1928 |
|
Bereggovo |
29th May |
54 |
860 Last Train From Beregovo |
30th May |
170 |
187 |
503 |
|
|
|
|
29th May |
d |
3160 |
30th May |
554 |
609 |
1997 |
|
Sara Friedman (Avish) 24.71924 |
|
Rachovo to Mateszalka |
29th May |
55 |
3299 |
31st May |
538 |
592 |
2169 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
29th May |
56 |
3417 |
31st May |
592 |
651 |
2172 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
29th May |
57 |
3306 |
31st May |
466 |
513 |
2327 |
|
|
|
0radea |
29th May |
58 |
3166 |
1st June |
429 |
472 |
2265 |
|
|
|
Kisvárda |
30th May |
59 |
3476 |
1st June |
519 |
571 |
2386 |
|
|
|
Tirgu Mures |
30th May |
60 |
3203 |
1st June |
426 |
469 |
2308 |
|
|
|
0radea |
30th May |
61 |
3187 |
1st June |
696 |
776 |
1715 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
30th May |
62 |
3300 |
1st June |
165 |
182 |
2953 |
|
Erno Meisels b.24.9.1911 |
|
Uhorod |
31st May |
63 |
3056 |
2nd June |
620 |
682 |
1754 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
31st May |
64 |
3270 |
2nd June |
510 |
561 |
2199 |
|
|
|
Baia Mare |
31st May |
65 |
3073 |
2nd June |
379 |
417 |
2277 |
|
|
|
Simleu Silvaniei |
31st May |
66 |
3106 |
2nd June |
419 |
461 |
2419 |
|
Tzertl Margalit Troibe (Manheim) b. 20.3.1928 |
|
Mateszalka |
1st June |
67 |
3299 |
3rd June |
576 |
634 |
2089 |
|
|
|
Kisvárda |
1st June |
68 |
3421 |
3rd June |
543 |
597 |
2281 |
|
|
|
0radea |
1st June |
69 |
3059 |
3rd June |
497 |
547 |
2015 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
1st June |
70 |
2615 |
3rd June |
286 |
315 |
2014 |
|
|
|
Hust |
2nd June |
71 |
2396 |
4th June |
443 |
487 |
1466 |
|
|
|
Bistriţa |
2nd June |
72 |
3106 |
4th June |
363 |
399 |
2344 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
2nd June |
73 |
3100 |
4th June |
358 |
394 |
2248 |
|
|
|
Vinogradov |
3rd June |
74 |
2937 |
4th June |
496 |
546 |
1895 |
|
|
|
Koice |
3rd June |
75 |
2499 |
5th June |
441 |
485 |
1573 |
|
|
|
0radea |
3rd June |
76 |
2972 |
5th June |
404 |
444 |
2124 |
|
|
|
Simleu Silvaniei |
3rd June |
77 |
3161 |
5th June |
416 |
458 |
2287 |
|
|
|
Szászrégen |
4th June |
78 |
3149 |
6th June |
397 |
437 |
2315 |
|
|
|
Satoruljaujhely |
4th June |
79 |
2567 |
6th June |
441 |
485 |
1641 |
|
|
|
0radea |
5th June |
80 |
2527 |
6th June |
524 |
576 |
1427 |
|
Josef Landau b.1929 |
|
Uhla To Mateszalka |
5th June |
81 |
3100 |
6th June |
401 |
441 |
2258 |
|
|
|
Nyiregyháza |
5th June |
82 |
2253 |
7th June |
376 |
414 |
1463 |
|
|
|
Baia Mare |
5th June |
83 |
2844 |
7th June |
328 |
361 |
2155 |
|
|
|
Hust |
6th June |
84 |
1852 |
7th June |
269 |
296 |
1287 |
|
|
|
Dej |
6th June |
85 |
3160 |
7th June |
444 |
488 |
2228 |
|
|
|
Bistriţa |
6th June |
86 |
2875 |
8th June |
405 |
446 |
2024 |
|
|
|
Simleu Silvaniei |
8th June |
87 |
1584 |
8th June |
138 |
152 |
1294 |
|
|
|
Dej |
8th June |
88 |
1364 |
9th June |
280 |
308 |
776 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
8th June |
89 |
1784 |
9th June |
279 |
307 |
1198 |
|
|
|
Tirgu Mures |
8th June |
90 |
1163 |
10th June |
166 |
183 |
814 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
9th June |
91 |
1447 |
11th June |
329 |
362 |
756 |
|
Possibly |
|
Székesfehérvár |
10th June |
e |
3160 |
12th June |
3 |
3 |
3154 |
|
|
|
|
11th June |
f |
3160 |
12th June |
5 |
6 |
3149 |
|
|
|
Maklár |
11th June |
92 |
2794 |
12th June |
84 |
92 |
2618 |
|
|
|
Diosgyör |
12th June |
93 |
2675 |
13th June |
111 |
122 |
2442 |
|
|
|
Balassagyarmat |
12th June |
94 |
2810 |
13th June |
162 |
178 |
2470 |
|
|
|
Diosgyör |
12th June |
95 |
2941 |
13th June |
59 |
65 |
2817 |
|
|
|
Nové Zámky Érsekujvár |
12th June |
96 |
2899 |
14th June |
208 |
229 |
2462 |
|
|
|
Diosgyör |
12th June |
97 |
3051 |
14th June |
66 |
73 |
2912 |
|
|
|
Hatvan |
13th June |
98 |
2961 |
14th June |
389 |
428 |
2144 |
|
|
|
Komárno |
13th June |
99 |
2790 |
15th June |
172 |
189 |
2429 |
|
|
|
Salgotarján |
13th June |
100 |
2310 |
15th June |
256 |
282 |
1772 |
|
|
|
Miskolc- Diosgyör |
14th June |
101 |
3965 |
15th June |
62 |
68 |
3835 |
|
|
|
Balasagyarmat |
14th June |
102 |
1867 |
15th June |
620 |
682 |
565 |
|
|
|
Levice (Léva) |
15th June |
103 |
2678 |
16th June |
53 |
58 |
2567 |
|
|
|
Miskolc |
15th June |
104 |
2829 |
16th June |
355 |
391 |
2083 |
|
|
|
Nové Zámky Érsekujvár |
15th June |
105 |
1980 |
17th June |
195 |
215 |
1570 |
|
|
|
Györ |
16th June |
106 |
2985 |
17th June |
190 |
209 |
2586 |
|
|
|
Komárno(Komárom) |
16th June |
107 |
2673 |
17th June |
353 |
388 |
1932 |
|
|
|
Dunajska Streda Dunaszerdahely |
16th June |
108 |
2969 |
17th June |
207 |
228 |
2534 |
|
|
|
|
17th June |
g |
3160 |
18th June |
405 |
446 |
2309 |
|
|
|
Debrecen |
25th June |
109 |
3006 |
26th June |
255 |
281 |
2470 |
|
|
|
Szeged |
26th June |
110 |
3199 |
27th June |
215 |
237 |
2747 |
|
|
|
Debrecen |
27th June |
111 |
3842 |
28th June |
2 |
2 |
3838 |
|
|
|
Kecsemét |
27th June |
112 |
2642 |
29th June |
232 |
255 |
2155 |
|
Gabor Hirsch b. 9.12.1929 |
|
Békéscsaba |
27th June |
114 |
3118 |
29th June |
236 |
260 |
2622 |
|
Chedva Katz, née Stern b. 22.3.1930 |
25th June |
|||||||||
Ester Magda Ungar née Fried b.12.4.1928 |
16th May |
From Serretyudveri to Oradea(Nagyvárad) Left ghetto 26th June |
27th June |
113 |
2819 |
29th June |
206 |
227 |
2386 |
|
|
|
Bácsalmás |
28th June |
115 |
3737 |
29th June |
193 |
212 |
3332 |
|
|
|
Kecsemét |
29th June |
116 |
2790 |
1st July |
203 |
223 |
2364 |
|
Chava ben David Berkowitz b.1925 |
25th June |
Kunhegyes to Szolnok |
29th June |
117 |
2038 |
1st July |
318 |
350 |
1370 |
|
|
|
Debrecen |
29th June |
118 |
3026 |
1st July |
50 |
55 |
2921 |
|
Rachel Planer b. Sárvár 1925 |
|
Left Sárvár 29th June |
30th June 5th July |
119 |
3105 |
7thJuly Got No. A 10285* |
339 |
373 |
2393 |
|
|
|
Szombathely |
5th July |
120 |
3103 |
7th July |
288 |
317 |
2498 |
|
|
|
Kaposvár |
6th July |
121 |
3050 |
7th July |
219 |
241 |
2590 |
|
Sara Noiman Gross b. 27.12 1920 |
End June |
Magyaregregy To Pecs |
6th July |
122 |
3100 |
8th July |
300 |
330 |
2440 |
|
|
|
Kaposvár |
6th July |
123 |
2066 |
8th July |
209 |
230 |
1627 |
|
|
|
Sopron |
7th July |
124 |
3077 |
8th July |
356 |
392 |
2329 |
|
|
|
Pápa |
7th July |
125 |
2793 |
8th July |
361 |
397 |
2035 |
|
|
|
Paks |
7th July |
126 |
1072 |
8th July |
335 |
371 |
366 |
|
|
|
Monor |
7th July |
127 |
3549 |
9th July |
259 |
285 |
3005 |
|
|
|
Óbuda |
7th July |
128 |
3151 |
9th July |
193 |
212 |
2746 |
|
|
|
Sárvár |
7th July |
129 |
2204 |
9th July |
220 |
242 |
1742 |
|
|
|
Pecs |
8th July |
130 |
2523 |
9th July |
85 |
94 |
2344 |
|
|
|
Óbuda |
8th July |
131 |
2997 |
10th July |
248 |
273 |
2476 |
|
|
|
Monor |
9th July |
132 |
3065 |
10th July |
183 |
201 |
2681 |
|
|
|
Óbuda |
9th July |
133 |
3072 |
10th July Got No.A-10538* |
299 |
329 |
2444 |
|
*See Auschwitz chronicle 25th July 1944, these women were held as depot prisoners among 2000 women until they were given these numbers, the women were said to have arrived between 15th May and 9th July |
||||||||||
|
|
Budakalász |
9th July |
134 |
3072 |
10th July |
378 |
416 |
2277 |
|
|
|
Monor |
9th July |
135 |
3079 |
11th July |
426 |
469 |
2184 |
|
Rachel Miller b.21.10.1911 |
July |
Duna-Bogdan to Bekésmegyer |
9th July |
136 trains |
1924 |
11th July |
409 |
450 |
1065 |
|
|
|
|
19th July |
h |
3160 |
22nd July |
371 |
408 |
2381 |
|
Gako List ends |
|
Rákoscsaba |
20th July |
137 |
1230 |
22nd July |
11 |
12 |
1207 |
|
Glaser List Ends |
|
(for Hung. Jews) |
(146 trains) |
i |
3160 |
25th July |
2 |
2 |
3156 |
|
This appears to be the end of the Eichmann Action in Hungary. Transports of Hungarian Jews continued, it appears not possible from this data to sort out transports of prisoners already sent to Auschwitz and sent to other camps then returned again from transports which are again new arrivals |
||||||||||
The following are entries from the Glaser List which were now grouped with many transports from the rest of Europe. The Glaser List identifies only country of origin of the transports unlike the Gako List which identifies the many ghettos which the Hungary Gendarmerie established from which to transport Jews to Auschwitz |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
31st July |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
From Hungary (Sárvár) |
5th Aug |
|
1200 |
7th Aug. |
344 |
378 |
478 |
|
|
|
From Slovakia |
|
|
1200 |
2nd Sept. |
6 |
7 |
1187 |
|
|
|
From Slovakia |
|
|
1200 |
20th Sept. |
31 |
34 |
1135 |
|
|
|
From Budapest |
|
|
1200 |
20th Sept. |
8 |
9 |
1183 |
|
Michael Honey 27.01.08
The Map of the Hungarian Genocide
Drawn by Michal Honey February 2008 and revised September 2008
(Click to enlarge)
Michael Honey:
In thinking further about the Hungarian Action in 1944 it occurs to me to summarise the various elements of this history which these regimes brought together for German and Hungarian policies all to the disadvantage of Jews.
Both the German and Hungarian regimes had anti-Semitism as major
platforms of their policies. Thus when they forged an alliance they shaped
their actions to the advantage of each regime.
Germany needed more manpower not only on the eastern front, but also for their war production industries. And in particular, because of the war, food in Germany was getting scarce.
A devils bargain was struck. The Germans said: We have given you the territories in Slovakia and in the Ukraine and Romania otherwise also termed Transylvania and you give us your Jews, all 600,000 of them, who live in your lands and territories. That will release your large food production to send it to us. What is more we Germany will pay you for the food production which you will be able to ship to us.
The map above and the Auschwitz Layout below both demonstrate two essential ingredients which the Germans and Hungarians needed in order to carry out the genocide of Hungarian Jewry, together with genocide of the Jews of parts of Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania ceded to Hungary during World War II to comprise Greater Hungary.
It goes without saying that Hitler understood the political stance of the Horty Hungarian regime. It was agreed by the two fascist powers that Hungarian troops would participate in the fighting on the Eastern Front and it was further agreed to cooperate with Germany for the destruction of Jews for which the Germans had the euphemism that the Jews would be relocated. This came into effect in May 1944. The Germans proposed to follow their well tried methods of first removing the men from their families. Relocation needed trains and a train network. The network shown on the attached diagram has been made following a study of the departure points and the routes which such trains should take for the relocation site; Auschwitz. It was only then that the meaning of relocation was Genocide.
The attachment below demonstrates how the relocation also catered for the logistics of disposing of such a large number of corpses. Pits were shown to be feasible for this and the many bones left after such fires could be ground up with grinding machines used to manufacture gravel. At this point of such a plan the Germans would advise that Jewish young men should be called up into the Hungarian army to serve as slave labour both at the eastern front and in the hinterland. The Germans could demonstrate how it was done in the rest of Europe. Removing the able bodied men rendered their families helpless. Thus the men were simply recruited into slave labour companies which were regarded as part of the Hungarian army to be used and ground up with hard labour. Removing the able bodied Jewish men from their families was an essential part of rendering the families defenceless for subsequent relocation.
In addition to this the Germans provided the tutelage to the Hungarian Gendarmerie on how to dispossess Jews of all their property both movable and immovable. An organising team of experts in Genocide were sent by Germany under the command of Adolph Eichmann to Budapest in order to facilitate this gruesome task. All this is well described in such books as The Politics of Genocide by Prof. Randolph L. Braham and Das letzte Kapitel by Götz Aly and Christian Gerlach. The latter two writers spent many months in Yad Vashem in Jerusalem examining data in order to write their book. Both these books made the important point that there was yet another essential benefit to both Germany and Hungary. And that was looting Jewish property. The loot was payment on account to the Hungarians for the devils bargain. "
Appendix IV
Aerial Photograph of Auschwitz Taken by the Royal Air Force during WWII
The
Birkenau layout is an aerial photograph taken by the RAF at the time of this
genocide. The English and Americans would fly to bomb
|
|
Michael Honey and his son Daniel, visiting Auschwitz upon Daniel's fiftieth birthday |
Michael Honey
was born in Czechoslovakia, survived German concentration camps and came to
|
When this list
was finished he influenced the town council to erect a memorial to their
neighbors who were murdered. The memorial was built at the expense
of this Czech community and it is the only memorial like this in the
In 2002 he came
on aliya to
He has lectured at several International Jewish Genealogy Conferences:
Toronto (1993), Boston (1996), Los Angeles (1998), London (2001), Washington (2003).and Jerusalem 2004.
Contact: mhoney@013.net.il
Memorial Museum Of Hungarian Speaking Jewry in Safed
The Holocaust in Hungary 1 (Hebrew)
The Holocaust in Hungary 2 (Hebrew)
Rafael Vago: The Unsupportable Easiness of Indifference - Hungary 1944 (Hebrew)
Wikipedia: the Jewry of Hungary (Hebrew)
Wikipedia: History of the Jews in Hungary
USHMM: The Holocaust in Hungary
USHMM: Hungary after the German Occupation
Michael Honey: Jewish Nový Jičín & Jewish Valaské Meziříčí ! (Czechoslovakia)
Judy (Weiszenberg) Cohen: Women and the Holocaust
Holocaust | Ghettos | Letter | Trains | Map | Photograph | Links
Last updated November 19th, 2008